Indirubin-3′-oxime

Indirubin-3′-oxime (IDR3O), a synthetic derivative of indirubin, is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Indirubin-3′-oxime directly inhibits the activity of all three isoforms of JNK (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3), with IC₅₀s of 0.8 μM, 1.4 μM, and 1.0 μM, respectively. Indirubin-3′-oxime can enhance height growth via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes^[1][2][3]. In Vitro: In cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), Indirubin-3′-oxime blocks c-Jun phosphorylation induced by potassium withdrawal and prevented CGNs from apoptosis in a dose dependent manner^[1].
Indirubin-3′-oxime (IDR3O) (PC12 cells; 10 μM) significantly prevent 6OHDA-induced decrease of nuclear localized MEF2D expression^[2]. In Vivo: Indirubin-3′-oxime (0.05 or 0.5?mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 2 or 10 weeks) enhances tibial longitudinal growth in mice without adverse changes in bone thickness parameters^[3].