Silymarin

Silymarin is an extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Silymarin is an effective SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^pro) inhibitor. Silymarin can significantly reduce tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis as well as insulin resistance. Silymarin has the chemopreventive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Silymarin has the potential for COVID-19 research^[1][2][4]. In Vitro: Silymarin (0-120 µg/ml; 24 hours) inhibits AGS cell viability, the viability of AGS cells is 77.9% in the presence of 20 µg/ml silymarin, 71.5% at 40 µg/ml, 59.8% at 60 µg/ml, 44.5% at 80 µg/ml, 35.3% at 100 µg/ml and 33.9% at 120 µg/ml^[1].
Silymarin (40-80 µg/ml; 24 hours) inhibits the migration of the AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibit migration of AGS cells 59.4% at 40 µg/ml and 21.7% at 80 µg/ml,respectively^[1].
In Vivo: Silymarin (oral gavage; 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) decreases the immobility time in a dose-dependent manner in forced swimming test (FST). It also lowers the immobility measure dose-dependently in tail suspension test (TST). Additionally, 50% of maximum response (ED₅₀) of Silymarin is around 10 mg/kg. The dose 100 mg/kg proved the most effective dose in both the tests^[3].